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| death_date = 620 C.E | death_place = | resting_place = Jannat al-Mu'alla, Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia | other_names = Khadīja al-Kubra | spouse = 'Atiq ibn 'A'idh Al-Makhzumi Abu Hala Malak ibn Nabash Muhammad | children = Hind bint Atiq Abdullah ibn Atiq Hala ibn Abi Hala Hind ibn Abi Hala Zaynab bint Abi Hala Qasim ibn Muhammad Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad Zaynab bint Muhammad Ruqayyah bint Muhammad Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad Fatimah bint Muhammad | parents = Khuwaylid ibn Asad Fatimah bint Za'idah | relatives = Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza (grandfather) Halah bint Khuwaylid (sister) Waraqah ibn Nawfal (cousin) }} Khadijah or Khadīja bint Khuwaylid ((アラビア語:خديجة بنت خويلد)) or Khadīja al-Kubra (Khadija the Great) 〔(Wife of the Prophet Muhammad )〕 (c. 555 or 567 – 620 CE) was the first wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. She is commonly regarded by Muslims as the "Mother of the Believers" (i.e., Muslims), and was the first person to convert to Islam. ==Biography== Khadija's grandfather, Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza, was the progenitor of the Asad clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. Her father, Khuwaylid ibn Asad, was a merchant.〔 According to some traditions, he died c. 585, but according to others, he was still alive when Khadija married Muhammad in 595.〔Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'', pp. 148–149. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.〕 His sister, Umm Habib bint Asad, was the matrilineal great-grandmother of Muhammad.〔Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'', p. 54. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.〕 Khadija's mother, Fatima bint Za'idah, who died around 575, was a member of the Amir ibn Luayy clan of the Quraysh〔(Early Life )〕 and a third cousin of Muhammad's mother. Khadija married three times and had children from all her marriages. While the order of her marriages is debated, it is generally believed that she first married Abu Hala Malak ibn Nabash ibn Zarrara ibn at-Tamimi and second 'Atiq ibn 'A'idh ibn 'Abdullah Al-Makhzumi. To her first husband she bore two sons, who were both given what were usually feminine names, Hala and Hind. Abu Hala Malak died before his business became a success. To her husband Atiq, Khadija bore a daughter named Hindah. This marriage also left Khadija as a widow. Khadija became a very successful merchant. It is said that when the Quraysh's trade caravans gathered to embark upon their summer journey to Syria or winter journey to Yemen, Khadija's caravan equalled the caravans of all other traders of the Quraysh put together.〔Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina'', p. 10. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.〕 She was known by the by-names ''Ameerat-Quraysh'' ("Princess of Quraysh"), ''al-Tahira'' ("The Pure One") and Khadija ''Al-Kubra'' (Khadija "the Great"). It is said that she fed and clothed the poor, assisted her relatives financially and provided marriage portions for poor relations.〔 Khadija was said to have neither believed in nor worshipped idols, which was atypical for pre-Islamic Arabian culture. According to other sources, however, she kept an idol of Al-‘Uzzá in her house.〔Ahmed ibn Hanbal, ''Musnad'' vol. 4 p. 222. Cited in Margoliouth, D. S. (1905). ''Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, 3rd Ed.'', p. 70. London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.〕 Khadija did not travel with her trade caravans; she employed others to trade on her behalf for a commission. In 595 Khadija needed an agent for a transaction in Syria. Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib recommended her distant cousin Muhammad ibn Abdullah. The experience that Muhammad held working with caravans in his uncle Abu Talib's family business had earned him the honorific titles ''Al-Sadiq'' ("the Truthful") and ''Al-Amin'' ("the Trustworthy" or "Honest").〔Martin Lings, ''Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources'', p. 33–34〕 Khadija hired Muhammad, who was then 25 years old, sending word through her kinsman Khazimah ibn Hakim that she would pay double her usual commission.〔Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. ''Ibn Sa'ad's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'', p. 145–146. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.〕 She sent one of her servants, Maysarah, to assist him. Upon returning, Maysarah gave accounts of the honorable way that Muhammad had conducted his business, with the result that he brought back twice as much profit as Khadija had expected. Maysarah also relayed that on the return journey, Muhammad had stopped to rest under a tree. A passing monk, Nestora, informed Maysarah that, "None but a prophet ever sat beneath this tree." Maysarah also claimed that while he stood near Muhammad as he slept, he had seen two angels standing above Muhammad creating a cloud to protect him from the heat and glare of the sun.〔 Khadija then consulted her cousin Waraqah ibn Nawfal ibn Asad ibn 'Abdu'l-'Uzza.〔 Waraqah said that if what Maysarah had seen was true, then Muhammad was in fact the prophet of the people who was already expected. It is also said Khadijah had a dream in which the sun descended from the sky into her courtyard, fully illuminating her home.〔 Her cousin Waraqah told her not to be alarmed, for the sun was an indication that the Prophet would grace her home.〔 At this, Khadija considered proposing marriage to her agent.〔Martin Lings, ''Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources'', p. 34–35〕 Many wealthy Quraysh men had already asked for her hand in marriage,〔 but all had been refused.〔Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'', p. 149. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khadija bint Khuwaylid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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